The maximum ammount of RAM a standard home computer (and most high end servers, for that matter) can have installed is 4 gigabytes. This is because they use 32-bit adresses to reference locations in the RAM. Each address points to 1 byte of memory. So there can be a maximum of 2^32 bytes, which is 4 gigabytes. There are 64-bit systems being made which use memory addresses that are 64 bits long. That's approximately 18,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes of possible memory.
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