Segregation, slavery, racism, etc. The word in Afrikans simply meant "separateness". The two main pieces of legislation that created the institution of Apartheid were the Group Areas Act and the Separate Amenities Act. I imagine use of the term grew out of wording used in those and until very recently was used to describe the particularly institutionalized system of racism in South Africa.
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'He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.'
-TJ
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