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By the way, credit where credit is due. It was not Einstein, but in fact Albert Michelson and E.W. Morley who, in the 1880s, discovered that light travels at the same speed, independent of the observer's frame of reference, the launching point for Einstein's Theory of Relativity.
My above example of the astronaut can't be fully explained by the basics of the Special Theory of Relativity, because the Special Theory assumes no acceleration (it also assumes that either observer in the system has the "right" to consider themselves at rest). The actual mechanics are greatly complicated by acceleration and require the far more complex General Theory of Relativity.
And if you're looking for real experimental confirmation of time dilation, look up the "Muon Experiment".
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'He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.'
-TJ
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